Variable Flower Display Backlight System

ABSTRACT

Techniques for using variable flower assemblies to control light leakage between designated portions of light-emitting elements are provided. In some embodiments, a variable flower assembly ( 100 ) comprises a plurality of light-transmissive segments ( 102 - 1, 102 - 2, . . . , 102 - 6 ) each may be electronically set to a different light-transparency level. The variable flower assembly substantially forms a tube around a light-emitting element ( 104 ) mounted on a first plane. A first edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectively surrounds the light-emitting element on a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane. A second opposing edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube. In some embodiments, a reflective assembly ( 120 ) which reflectance level is electronically controllable may surround the variable flower assembly.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/251,652 filed 14 Oct. 2009, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates general to display systems, and inparticular, to light sources in display systems.

BACKGROUND

In a display system, a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may beused together as a single backlight unit (BLU). Each LED may beconfigured to provide light to a specific portion of a display area. Dueto the point-spread-function (PSF) associated with it, an LED may leaklight into neighboring portions on the display area, beyond a configuredspecific portion. Such light leakage degrades image quality and causesartifacts such as halos in the neighboring portions. The light leakagemay significantly impact the ability of a display system to show fineimage details in a high dynamic range.

In some approaches, light from an LED may be guided through a reflectivechannel and thus confined to a specific portion of a display area.However, a reflective channel typically creates a sharp change in lightintensity around the edges of the specific portion of the display area.Pixels right outside the specific portion may receive too littleillumination, while pixels inside the specific portion may receive toomuch illumination. This results in deleterious image effects. Forexample, if a character or an important image detail overlaps both sidesof the specific portion, different parts of the same character or imagedetail may experience dramatically different light intensities.Consequently, it is difficult for a viewer to see the character or imagedetail.

The approaches described in this section are approaches that could bepursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previouslyconceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it shouldnot be assumed that any of the approaches described in this sectionqualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in thissection. Similarly, issues identified with respect to one or moreapproaches should not assume to have been recognized in any prior art onthe basis of this section, unless otherwise indicated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by wayof limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in whichlike reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates an example variable flower assembly with an examplelight-emitting element, according to a possible embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 1B illustrates an example variable flower assembly with alight-emitting element, mounted on a circuit board, according to apossible embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1C illustrates an example correspondence between light-transmissivesegments of an variable flower assembly and light-transmissive segmentsof a linear strip, according to a possible embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 1D illustrates an example reflective assembly that surrounds avariable flower assembly, according to a possible embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, and FIG. 2C illustrate non-limiting possibleembodiments in which an example light-emitting element surrounded by avariable flower assembly illuminates a surface portion of a diffuser;

FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate non-limiting possible embodiments inwhich light from one light-emitting element to designated surfaceportions of neighboring light-emitting elements may be controlled usinglight-transmissive segments of a variable flower assembly;

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate non-limiting possible embodiments inwhich light-emitting elements and variable flower assemblies may beplaced in example hexagonal and rectangle arrays;

FIG. 5 compares a result of an example image with or without applicationof light source control techniques described herein; and

FIG. 6 illustrates an example process flow, according to a possibleembodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE POSSIBLE EMBODIMENTS

Example possible embodiments, which relate to VARIABLE FLOWER DISPLAYBACKLIGHT SYSTEM, are described herein. In the following description,for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forthin order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention.It will be apparent, however, that the present invention may bepracticed without these specific details. In other instances, well-knownstructures and devices are not described in exhaustive detail, in orderto avoid unnecessarily including, obscuring, or obfuscating the presentinvention.

Example embodiments are described herein according to the followingoutline:

1. GENERAL OVERVIEW

2. STRUCTURE OVERVIEW

3. EXAMPLE CONTROL OF LIGHT LEAKAGE

4. EXAMPLE VARIABLE FLOWER ASSEMBLY ARRAYS

5. EXAMPLE HALO EFFECT REDUCTION

6. EXAMPLE PROCESS FLOW

7. EQUIVALENTS, EXTENSIONS, ALTERNATIVES AND MISCELLANEOUS

1. General Overview

This overview presents a basic description of some aspects of a possibleembodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that thisoverview is not an extensive or exhaustive summary of aspects of thepossible embodiment. Moreover, it should be noted that this overview isnot intended to be understood as identifying any particularlysignificant aspects or elements of the possible embodiment, nor asdelineating any scope of the possible embodiment in particular, nor theinvention in general. This overview merely presents some concepts thatrelate to the example possible embodiment in a condensed and simplifiedformat, and should be understood as merely a conceptual prelude to amore detailed description of example possible embodiments that followsbelow.

In some possible embodiments, a plurality of light-emitting elementscollectively provides a light source in a display system. Eachlight-emitting element may be assigned to provide illumination on aportion of a first surface of a diffuser. In some embodiments, thelight-emitting elements are mounted on one or more circuit boards; thediffuser may be positioned at a distance away from, and has the firstsurface substantially parallel to, the circuit boards.

Due to its point-spread-function (PSF), a light-emitting element mayilluminate an area larger than the assigned portion of the first surfaceof the diffuser. For example, while the assigned portion may be aspecific rectangular shape, the illuminated area by the light-emittingelement with its particular point-spread-function may be a circular areaencompassing, and hence larger than, the assigned portion, provided thatno external obstacle is erected between the light-emitting element andthe first surface of the diffuser. The illuminated area comprises acentral portion, e.g., the assigned portion, and a remainder portionbeyond the assigned portion. This remainder portion typically reachesout to, and overlaps with, assigned portions of neighboringlight-emitting elements. By the same analysis, neighboringlight-emitting elements may have their remainder portions overlappingwith the assigned portion of the light-emitting element.

Without using techniques as described herein, even if the light-emittingelement is turned off to indicate a dark black state for the assignedportion, light from neighboring light-emitting elements may neverthelessilluminate overlapping portions inside the assigned portion, therebycreating an incorrect illumination level other than the dark black statefor the assigned portion. This will further distort luminance values ofpixels that are associated with the assigned portion, thereby adverselyaffecting image quality in the display system because the luminancevalues of the pixels will no longer be correctly correlated to desiredpixel values from image data.

In accordance with some possible embodiments of the present invention,to control light leakage, each light-emitting element may be centrallyplaced in a flower assembly. The flower assembly may be a tube. Whilethe light-emitting element may be located at one end of the tube, at theopposite end of the tube is an opening, through which light from thelight-emitting element may be guided to the assigned portion on thediffuser. The longitudinal direction of the tube may be substantiallyperpendicular to the circuit board. Because of the flower assembly,light directed to the remainder portion now travels through the wallsthat make up the flower assembly. Under techniques as described herein,the intensity of the illumination over the remainder portion by thelight-emitting element may be regulated by controlling the transparencylevels of the walls in the flower assembly electronically. If aneighboring assigned portion of a neighboring light-emitting elementneeds more illumination, a higher transparency level may be set for awall of the flower assembly through which the light from thelight-emitting element travels to the neighboring assigned portion.Conversely, if the neighboring assigned portion needs less illumination,a lower transparency level may be set for the wall.

In some possible embodiments, each wall in the flower assembly comprisesone or more light-transmissive segments. For example, the flowerassembly may be a rectangular tube comprised of four walls with twoopenings on two opposing ends. Each wall may be a rectangle platecomprising one or more light-transmissive segments. Eachlight-transmissive segment is an electronically controllable lightvalve. The transparency level of a light-transmissive segment can beindividually controlled to permit light transmission through thelight-transmissive segment at different levels. The differenttransparency levels may include a dark black 0% transparency level atone extreme and a nearly 100% transparency level in the other extreme.In one possible embodiment, a light-transmissive segment is a structurecomprising electrodes and a layer of a liquid crystal material.Additionally and/or optionally, the liquid crystal structure maycomprise polarization layers and/or retardation films. Opticalproperties of the liquid crystal structure, including a transparencylevel, are electronically controllable. For example, the liquid crystalstructure may be set in one of a plurality of different transparencylevels with the application of different voltages between theelectrodes.

In the present example, since the walls of the flower assembly are madeof a plurality of light-transmissive segments, the remainder portionilluminated by the light-emitting element may be further divided into aplurality of non-central portions each located in one or more differentneighboring assigned portion(s) and each controlled by a correspondinglight-transmissive segment. With the flower assembly, even if thecentral assigned portion illuminated by the light-emitting element isset to maximum illumination, any of the non-central portions can stillbe set to different levels of illumination, including dark black, allthe way up to the same or similar brightness level in the centralportion by controlling the transparency level of the correspondinglight-transmissive segment.

Under techniques described herein, if a neighboring light-emittingelement for a neighboring assigned portion has been turned off, lightfrom the light-emitting element may be prevented from illuminatingoverlapping portions inside that neighboring assigned portion. This maybe accomplished by setting transparency levels of all light-transmissivesegments that serve as light valves to the light-emitting element'slight directed to the neighboring assigned portion to a minimumtransparency level. Consequently, halo effects previously mentioned maybe reduced and image quality may be improved in a display system usingtechniques described herein.

Other possible embodiments include configuring a transmissive switchingelement on a light-transmissive segment. The transmissive switchingelement may comprise one or more transistors, and may be coupled tolight source control logic that implements techniques described herein.The light source control logic may be configured to set thelight-transmissive segment to various transparency levels by driving thetransmissive switching element with corresponding data values. Forexample, the light source control logic may set the light-transmissivesegment to a maximum transparency level by driving the transmissiveswitching element of the light-transmissive segment with a first datavalue corresponding to a complete transparency level. Likewise, thelight source control logic may set the light-transmissive segment to aminimum transparency level by driving the transmissive switching elementof the light-transmissive segment with a second data value correspondingto a complete opaqueness transparency level. Other intermediatetransparency levels of the light-transmissive segment may be similarlyset.

The flower assembly as described herein may not necessarily be arectangular tube. For example, the flower assembly may be a hexagonaltube or another polygonal shape instead of the rectangular tube. Othershapes may also be used for the flower assembly described herein.

In some possible embodiments, one or more flower assemblies and one ormore light-emitting elements may be manufactured together in a unitarystructure, which can then be mounted to a surface such as a circuitboard as a single composite light source element.

In some possible embodiments, different flower assemblies on a circuitboard such as neighboring flower assemblies may share one or more commontransmissive segments. In some alternative possible embodiments,different flower assemblies, including neighboring flower assemblies,share no common light-transmissive segment.

In some possible embodiments, sampling logic may be used in addition toor as a part of the light source control logic. The sampling logic isconfigured to sample image data and determine desired illumination fordifferent portions on the first surface of the diffuser based on pixelvalues in the image data. The determined desired illumination may beused to determine which transparency level should be set for each of thelight-transmissive segments in the flower assemblies.

In some embodiments, a variable flower assembly as described hereinforms a part of a display system, including but not limited to atelevision, a laptop computer, netbook computer, cellular telephone,electronic book reader, point of sale terminal, desktop computer,computer workstation, computer kiosk, PDA and various other kinds ofterminals and display units.

In some embodiments, a method comprises providing one or more flowerassemblies as described in a display system.

Various modifications to the preferred embodiments and the genericprinciples and features described herein will be readily apparent tothose skilled in the art. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to belimited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with the principles and features described herein.

2. Structure Overview

FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example flower assembly100. In the illustrated embodiment, the flower assembly 100 is arectangular tube. The walls of the flower assembly 100 are made of aplurality of light-transmissive segments 102-1 through 102-6. Thelight-transmissive segments 102-1 through 102-6 collectively surround alight-emitting element 104. In some possible embodiments as illustratedin FIG. 1B, the light-emitting element 104 may be mounted on a circuitboard 106 and placed at the center of the flower assembly, which mayalso be structurally fixed to the circuit board. In some possibleembodiments, the light-transmissive segments 102-1 through 102-6correspond to different sections on one or more strips each of which aremade of light-transmissive segments. In a possible example embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 1C 102, the light-transmissive segments 102-1through 102-6 correspond to different sections on a single strip 102.The strip 102, for example, may be bent to form the flower assembly 100.

In some possible embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 1D, thelight-emitting element 104 mounted on a circuit board 106 and placed atthe center of the flower assembly may be further surrounded by areflective assembly 120, which may also be structurally fixed to thecircuit board. As used herein, the term “at the center” does notnecessarily means that the light-emitting element 104 must be placedprecisely at the geometric center of the flower assembly, but ratherthat the light-emitting element 104 may be placed in any of a number ofpositions around the geometric center of the flower assembly so long asthe flower assembly surrounds the light-emitting element 104. Forexample, the light-emitting element 104 may be placed at asub-millimeter, a millimeter, or other distances away from the geometriccenter.

The reflective assembly 120 may comprise a plurality of light-reflectivesegments in a symmetric or non-symmetric tubular shape. Alight-reflective segment may have an optical configuration/structurecomprising a metallic surface combined with optical films. The opticalfilms may be electronically controllable to provide differentreflectance levels.

In some possible embodiments, a transmissive switching elementpreviously mentioned may be configured on a light-transmissive segmentto receive input from control logic for the purpose of setting atransparency level for the light-transmissive segment. For example, asshown in FIG. 1C, transmissive switching elements 108-1 through 108-6may be configured on the light-transmissive segments 102-1 through102-6, respectively. Transmissive switching elements 108-1 through 108-6may be electronically coupled to and driven by light source controllogic to any data values in a plurality of data values, each of whichmay correspond to a transparency level. For example, the transmissiveswitching element 108-1 may be driven to a first data value thatcorresponds to minimum transparency. Based on the first data value, thetransmissive switching element may cause the light-transmissive segment102-1 to be set to a 0% transparency level. Likewise, the transmissiveswitching element 108-2 may be driven to a second data value thatcorresponds to maximum transparency. Based on this first data value, thetransmissive switching element may cause the light-transmissive segment102-1 to be set to a 90% or more transparency level. Other intermediatetransparency levels may be similarly set based on their correspondingdata values.

In some possible embodiments, a reflective switching element may beconfigured on a light-reflective segment to receive input from controllogic for the purpose of setting a reflectance level for thelight-reflective segment. The reflective switching element may beelectronically coupled to and driven by light source control logic toany data values in a plurality of data values, each of which maycorrespond to a reflectance level. For example, the reflective switchingelement may be driven to a first data value that corresponds to minimumreflectance. Based on the first data value, the reflective switchingelement may cause the light-reflective segment to be set to a 0%reflectance level. Likewise, the reflective switching element may bedriven to a second data value that corresponds to maximum reflectance.Based on this first data value, the reflective switching element maycause the light-reflective segment 102-1 to be set to a 100% reflectancelevel. Other intermediate reflectance levels may be similarly set basedon their corresponding data values.

FIG. 2A illustrates another cross-sectional view of the flower assembly100. In the illustrated embodiment, the light-emitting element 104 ismounted on the circuit board 106 and centrally placed at one end of theflower assembly 100, which may also be mounted to or structurallyattached to the circuit board 106. In this illustrated embodiment, thereis a spatial gap 204 between the other end, an opening, of the flowerassembly 100 and a first surface of a diffuser 202. Through the openingof the flower assembly 100, light 206 from the light-emitting element104 illuminates a central portion 212 on the first surface of thediffuser 202. Through the walls of the flower assembly 100, light 208from the light-emitting element 104 may illuminate a remainder portion210 on the first surface of the diffuser 202. As illustrated, thedistance between the first surface of the diffuser 202 and the circuitboard 106 may approximately be the sum of a length 214 of flowerassembly 100 and the spatial gap 204.

FIG. 2C illustrates an alternative configuration in which the flowerassembly 100 is further surrounded by a reflective assembly 120. In thispossible example embodiment, the reflective assembly 120 reflects a partof light passed through the flower assembly, for example, 220 of FIG.2C, to the first surface of the diffuser 202. This increasesillumination on the assigned portion 212.

The display system described herein may be used to display video imagesbased on image data. The light-emitting element 104 may be one of manylight-emitting elements that are collectively acting as the light sourcein the display system. Each of the light-emitting elements may bedesignated to illuminate a different portion of the first surface of thediffuser 202. The light from the light-emitting elements exits through asecond surface of the diffuser 202 and illuminates a display panel thatcomprises an array of pixels. Each pixel in the display panel maycomprise sub-pixels for three or more component colors. A pixel value inthe image data may be used to determine how much light should betransmitted by each sub-pixel of a pixel to a viewer. To express thepixel value correctly, the light to be transmitted through, or inreflective display systems reflected from, a sub-pixel or a pixel mustbe accurately regulated according to the pixel value. Depending on theimage data, a group of pixels in proximity on the display panel thatrelate to a very luminous part of the image may require highillumination intensity, while a different group of pixels in proximityon the same display panel that relate to a detailed indoor scene for thesame image may require different illumination intensity. While thetransmissive or reflective properties of a pixel or sub-pixel is setbased on the pixel value, the light source should also be controlled insuch a way that accurate illumination is provided to different parts ofthe display panel based on the image data. Illumination provided to onegroup of pixels should not leak to a different group of pixels in anuncontrolled manner that reduces fidelity and contrast in the image.

3. Example Control of Light Leakage

Different types of light-emitting elements may be associated withdifferent point-spread-functions, and thus may create different shapesfor illuminated areas. For illustration purposes, thepoint-spread-function of the light-emitting element 104 causes acircular area 220 of illumination on the first surface of the diffuser202 without the flower assembly 100, as shown in FIG. 3A. However, dueto the flower assembly 100, the illuminated area 220 is segmented intothe central assigned portion 212 and the remainder portion 210. Theremainder portion 210 is further segmented into a plurality ofnon-central portions 210-1 through 210-6. Each of the light-transmissivesegments 102-1 through 102-6 controls illumination over a different oneof the non-central portions 210-1 through 210-6.

As shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, a light-emitting element such as 104may be surrounded by a plurality of neighboring light-emitting elements.These neighboring light-emitting elements may create their ownilluminated areas such as 322-1 through 322-6 illustrated in FIG. 3B.The non-central portions 210-1 through 210-6 illuminated by thelight-emitting element 104 extend over designated areas 324-1 through324-6 of the neighboring light-emitting elements.

Under light source control techniques as described herein, eachlight-emitting element may be placed in a different flower assembly.Since the transparency level of each light-transmissive segment in aflower assembly can be controlled, unwanted light leakage from alight-emitting element to its neighbors' designated portion ofillumination can be effectively controlled.

The light source control logic is configured to set the operationalstates of the light-emitting elements to provide the desiredillumination on a surface such as the first surface of the diffuser 202.In some possible embodiments, light-emitting elements may have only oneoperational state: always on. In some possible embodiments,light-emitting elements may have two or more operational states: off, on(a maximum illumination state), and one or more intermediateillumination states.

In some possible embodiments, based on the image data, light sourcecontrol logic as described herein may determine that a centraldesignated portion 212 for a light-emitting element 104 should beilluminated at a certain level and accordingly determine that thelight-emitting element 104 should be set in a corresponding operationalstate. This determination may be repeated by the light source controllogic for all the light-emitting elements in the system.

In some possible embodiments where variable flower assemblies arefurther surrounded by reflective assemblies, based on the image data,light source control logic as described herein may determine areflectance level for each light-reflective segment in a reflectiveassembly. For example, if the central designated portion 212 requiresmore illumination than that directly received from the light-emittingelement 104, reflectance levels of light-reflective segments in thereflective assembly 120 may be set to a high reflectance level, even atotal reflection level. Other reflectance levels may also be set if sodetermined by the light source control logic.

In some possible embodiments, based on the image data, the light sourcecontrol logic may determine transparency levels for all thelight-transmissive segments that separate one light-emitting elementfrom another. The light source control logic may identify a plurality ofneighboring designated portions that may potentially be affected bylight leakage from a light-emitting element. The light source controllogic may further identify a plurality of light-transmissive segmentsthat may be used to control the potential light leakage. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 3B, the light source control logic may identifythree designated portions 212, 324-1 and 324-6 that may be affected bylight leakage from the light-emitting element 104 and that thelight-transmissive segment 102-1 may be used to control this potentiallight leakage.

The light source control logic may implement one of several possiblealgorithms to determine an appropriate transparency level for alight-transmissive segment such as 102-1 of FIG. 3B. In one possibleembodiment, the transparency level for the light-transmissive segmentmay be set to be proportional to the average desired illumination levelfor all the designated portions affected by the light-transmissivesegment. In another possible embodiment, the transparency level for thelight-transmissive segment may be set to be proportional to the averagedesired illumination level for the top two designated portions mostaffected by the light-transmissive segment. In one possible embodiment,the transparency level for the light-transmissive segment may be set tobe proportional to the lower desired illumination level for twodesignated portions most affected by the light-transmissive segment. Inyet another possible embodiment, the transparency level for thelight-transmissive segment may be set to be proportional to a weightedaverage desired illumination level for all the designated portionsaffected by the light-transmissive segment. Weight factors may beassigned to overlapped regions based on the sizes of the regions.

In some possible embodiments, the light source control logic mayimplement an algorithm to determine a transparency level for alight-transmissive segment based in part on the difference betweendesired illumination levels of two designated portions most affected bythe light-transmissive segment. If the difference is within a configuredthreshold value, the transparency level for the light-transmissivesegment may be inversely related to the difference. Under thisalgorithm, if the desired illumination levels are the same or similar,the transparency level may be set to the maximum or close to the maximumtransparency level. However, if the desired illumination levels aredifferent, the transparency level may be set to a smaller transparencylevel. If the desired illumination levels are different exceeding theconfigured threshold value, the transparency level may be set to theminimum transparency value.

In some possible embodiments, the aforementioned difference may bedivided by the average of the desired illumination levels involved incalculating the difference. The aforementioned algorithms may bemodified to use the difference modulo the average, instead of directlyusing the difference between desired illumination levels.

Algorithms to determine a transparency level of a light-transmissivesegment as described herein are for illustration purposes only. One,two, or more of the above-described algorithms may be used to determinea transparency level for a light-transmissive segment. Other reasonablealgorithms may also be alternatively and/or alternatively used indetermining transparency levels for light-transmissive segments.

Relating to the illustrated configuration in FIG. 3B, the light sourcecontrol logic may determine based on the received image data that thelight-emitting element 104 should be in an “on” state, or a maximumillumination state. However, the light source control logic maydetermine based on the same received image data that a first neighboringlight-emitting element should be in an “off” state. For illustrationpurposes, this first neighboring light-emitting element may bedesignated to illuminate the neighboring designated portion 324-1. Toprevent light leakage from the light-emitting element 104 to theneighboring designated portion 324-1, the light source control logic maydetermine that the light-transmissive segment 102-1 in the flowerassembly 100 should be set to minimum transparency. With these settings,the non-central portion 210-1 is configured to receive little or noillumination from the light-emitting element 104.

Similarly, the light source control logic may determine based on thereceived image data that a second neighboring light-emitting elementshould be in an “on” state, or a maximum illumination state. Forillustration purposes, this second neighboring light-emitting elementmay be designated to illuminate the neighboring designated portion324-6. Since desired illumination levels for both the designatedportions 324-6 and 212 are highly similar, based on some example lightcontrol algorithms, the light source control logic may set thelight-transmissive segment 102-6 in the flower assembly 100 to maximumtransparency. As a result, the non-central portion 210-6 overlapping theneighboring designated portion 324-6 receives maximum illumination fromthe light-emitting element 104. This may be desired when a designatedportion needs more illumination than a single light-emitting element canprovide, for example, in order to provide an extra high contrast ratiobetween the lowest luminance point and the highest luminance point in animage.

It may be noted that a non-central portion from a light-emitting elementmay partially overlap more than one neighboring designated portions. Forexample, the non-central portion 210-6 illuminated by the light-emittingelement 104 may illuminate two neighboring designated portions 324-1 and324-6. Some example algorithms to determine transparency levels forlight-transmissive segments may assign each partially overlapped regiona weight factor that is proportional to the size of overlapped regionbetween a designated portion and a non-central portion. For example, anoverlapped region between the neighboring designated portion 324-1 andthe non-central portion 210-6 is relatively small, as compared withanother overlapped region between the neighboring designated portion324-6 and the non-central portion 210-6. Thus, relative to non-centralportion 210-1 of the light-emitting element 104, a weight factorassigned to the neighboring designated portion 324-1 may be smaller thananother weight factor assigned to the neighboring designated portion324-6. In determining the transparency level for a light-transmissivesegment, these weight factors may be used to rank and/or select the mostaffected designated portions, or used to compute averages anddifferences of desired illumination levels.

4. Example Variable Flower Assembly Arrays

The light-emitting elements in the display system can be arranged invarious configurations. FIG. 4A illustrates a configuration in which thelight-emitting elements are arranged in a two-dimensional array atcenters and vertexes of a plurality of hexagons on the circuit board106. Since human eyes are more susceptible to detecting vertical andhorizontal lines, this hexagonal arrangement reduces possibility of aviewer detecting any artificial optical effect caused by the arrangementof the light-emitting sources. FIG. 4B illustrates an alternativeconfiguration in which the light-emitting elements are arranged in atwo-dimensional array at vertexes of a plurality of rectangle on thecircuit board 106. It should be noted that these arrangements in FIG. 4Aand FIG. 4B are used to illustrate two clear examples. Otherconfigurations may be used to place the light-emitting elements in atwo-dimensional array. Furthermore, not all the light-emitting elementsare required to be in the same two-dimensional array, or on the samecircuit board. For example, light-emitting elements as described hereinmay be in separate two-dimensional arrays on separate circuit boards,each of which may be responsible for illuminating a subdivision of asurface such as the first surface of the diffuser 202.

As illustrated in FIG. 4A, light-emitting elements 404-1 through 404-6are neighboring light-emitting elements with respect to thelight-emitting element 104. Like the light-emitting element 104, each ofthe light-emitting elements 404-1 through 404-6 is surrounded in its ownflower assembly such as 400-1 through 400-6 in an illustrated possibleembodiment. The light-emitting elements and the flower assemblies in thetwo-dimensional array of FIG. 4A may be of a similar or same type.

Designated portions for light-emitting elements in the two-dimensionalarray may be separated by the light-transmissive segments in the flowerassemblies. For example, the designated portions for the light-emittingelements 104 and 404-1 of FIG. 4A may be separated by thelight-transmissive segment 102-1 of FIG. 1. In some possible embodimentsin which light-transmissive segments in a flower assembly and alight-emitting element surrounded by the flower assembly are built in asingle unitary structure, each flower assembly for the twolight-emitting elements 104 and 404-1 contributes at least onelight-transmissive segment to separate one light-emitting element fromthe other. Therefore, the designated portions for the light-emittingelements 104 and 404-1 of FIG. 4A may be separated by at least twolight-transmissive segments in these embodiments.

Light source control logic 406 may be configured to control thelight-emitting elements and the light-transmissive segments in thetwo-dimensional array. The light source control logic 406 may beoperatively coupled to transmissive switching elements for thelight-emitting elements and the light-transmissive segments. The lightsource control logic 406 is operatively coupled with an image datasource 410 and is configured to receive image data from the image datasource 410. The image data may be provided by the image data source 410in a variety of ways including from over-the-air broadcast, a set-topbox, a networked server coupled to the display system, and/or a storagemedium. The light source control logic 406 may comprise sampling logic408 to sample image data and compute, based on the image data, luminancevalues of a pixel, a group of pixels, or a portion of illuminatedsurface such as the first surface of the diffuser 202. The results ofsampling and computing may be used by the light source control logic 406to drive the transmissive switching elements for the light-emittingelements and the light-transmissive segments.

5. Example Halo Effect Reduction

FIG. 5 shows a comparison between two illuminated areas created with andwithout using techniques as described herein. Based on image data, thedesired illuminated area may be a tree shape 502. Due to thepoint-spread-functions of light-emitting elements, without light sourcecontrol techniques as described herein, an illuminated area 504 may becreated to approximate the desired illuminated area as determined basedon the image data. However, with light source control techniques asdescribed herein, transparency levels of light-transmissive segmentssurrounding light-emitting elements may be controlled to reduce lightleakage caused from the point-spread-functions of the light-emittingelements. The illumination can be much better controlled in the entireportion of the desired illuminated area 502, especially around the edgesof the desired illuminated area 502. As a result, an illuminated area506 with significant reduction of light leakage may be created toapproximate the desired illuminated area 502.

6. Example Process Flow

FIG. 6 illustrates an example process flow according to a possibleembodiment of the present invention. In some possible embodiments, oneor more computing devices or components in a display system comprisinglight source control logic 406 and sampling logic 408 may perform thisprocess flow. In block 610, the display system receives image data todisplay one or more images on a display system. The display systemcomprises (1) at least a light-emitting element 104 mounted on a firstplane and (2) at least a variable flower assembly 100. The variableflower assembly 100 comprises a plurality of light-transmissivesegments. Each light-transmissive segment is configured to be set to aseparate light-transparency level based on a data value from a datainput that is coupled to the variable flower assembly. This data inputmay be part of a transmissive switching element as described herein.

The variable flower assembly 100 substantially forms a tube around thelight-emitting element 104. A first edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively surrounds the light-emittingelement 104 on a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane.For example, in possible embodiments where the variable flower assemblyis a rectangular tube, the first edges of the light-transmissivesegments may form a rectangular opening that surrounds thelight-emitting element. The first plane may be a planar surface of acircuit board such as 106. A second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube.This opening forms an aperture through which light from thelight-emitting element 104 illuminates on an assigned portion 212 of afirst surface of a diffuser as previously described. Here, a second edgeof each of the light-transmissive segments is opposite to a first edgeof the each of the light-transmissive segments.

In block 620, the display system samples a plurality of pixel values inthe image data. The plurality of pixel values is to be expressed in aplurality of pixels on a display panel of the display system. The pixelsmay correspond to neighboring assigned portions 324-1 through 324-6.However, due to the point-spread-function of the light-emitting element104, the plurality of pixels receives light from the light-emittingelement 104 through the light-transmissive segments.

In block 630, the display system sets at least one of thelight-transmissive segments to a desired transparency level based onresults of sampling the plurality of pixel values. In some scenarios,extra light from the light-emitting element 104 to a neighboringassigned portion may be desirable, for example, to enhance contrastratios in different parts of an image. In some other scenarios, extralight from the light-emitting element 104 to a neighboring assignedportion may not be desirable, as the luminance level of certain pixelsin fine details at low luminance may be dramatically distorted by theextra light or light leakage. The display system therefore may implementan algorithm such as one of those previously described to determine aparticular transparency level for a particular light-transmissivesegment in the variable flower assembly based on the results of samplingof the image data.

In some possible embodiments in which variable flower assemblies aresurrounded by reflective assemblies, the display system sets at leastone light-reflective segment in at least one of the reflectiveassemblies to a desired transparency level based on results of samplingthe plurality of pixel values. In some scenarios, light from thelight-emitting element 104 that has passed a variable flower assemblymay be reflected to increase illumination in the assigned portion, forexample, to enhance contrast ratios in different parts of an image. Insome other scenarios, reflected light may not be desirable, as theluminance level of certain pixels in fine details at low luminance maybe dramatically distorted by the extra reflected light. The displaysystem may determine a particular reflectance level for a particularlight-reflective segment in the reflective assemblies based on theresults of sampling of the image data.

7. Equivalents, Extensions, Alternatives and Miscellaneous

To illustrate a clear example, a variable flower assembly is depicted asa rectangular tube. It should be noted that other symmetric ornon-symmetric shapes may also be used in a variable flower assembly. Forexample, a variable flower assembly described herein may be a hexagontube, or any other shape that comprises a plurality oflight-transmissive segments and additionally and/or optionally, areflector outside the light-transmissive segments.

To illustrate a clear example, light source control techniques asdescribed herein may be used to control light leakage fromlight-emitting elements on a portion of a first surface of a diffuser.It should be noted that the light source control techniques as describedherein may also be used to control illumination of light-emittingelements on other surfaces and/or display panels. Further, a surface ora panel illuminated by the light-emitting elements may be a part of anytype of display system including a standard LCD panel, a HDR panel, adouble-modulation display system, a triple-modulation display system, adisplay system using a backlight unit, a display system using a frontprojector, etc. For example, in one example embodiment, light from eachof the light-emitting source may illuminate a surface portion of adiffuser. The light in the surface portion of the diffuser may betransmitted to illuminate a first number of pixels on a firstcoarse-resolution display panel. Light in each of the pixels on thefirst coarse-resolution display panel may be further transmitted toilluminate a second number of pixels on a second fine-resolution displaypanel. For example, the fine-resolution display panel may be a viewerdisplay panel with a 1080×1920 resolution, while the number oflight-emitting elements in a backlight unit is 1600. In variousembodiments, different ratios may be used between the total number oflight-emitting elements and the total number of pixels on any displaypanel for which the light-emitting elements provide a light source.

In some embodiments, since there may be many more pixels thanlight-emitting elements, sampling logic as described herein may sample anumber of pixels in neighboring assigned portions and may perform one ormore averaging operations on the sampled pixel data, in order todetermine transparency levels of light-transmissive segments and/orreflectance levels of light-reflective segments involved.

To illustrate a clear example, a light-emitting element is described asbeing associated with a point-spread-function, when no obstacle existsbetween the light-emitting element and a surface to which light from thelight-emitting is directed. Different portions of thepoint-spread-function such as an assigned portion and a remainderportion may be controlled as transparency and/or reflectance levels ofdifferent segments surrounding the light-emitting element are varied.

Alternatively and equivalently, the light-emitting element may bedescribed as being associated with many different possiblepoint-spread-functions. A point-spread-function that provides a desiredresult of illumination may be selected from the different possiblepoint-spread-functions, as transparency and/or reflectance levels ofdifferent segments surrounding the light-emitting element are varied.

To illustrate a clear example, liquid crystal structures may be used toprovide light-transmissive segments as described herein. It should benoted that other materials or structures whose transparency levels arecontrollable may be similarly used. Transparency levels may vary within0-100%, 3-90%, or other possible ranges.

To illustrate a clear example, metallic surfaces combined with opticalfilms may be used to provide light-reflective segments as describedherein. It should be noted that other materials or structures whosereflectance levels are controllable may be similarly used. Reflectancelevels may vary within 0-100%, 3-90%, or other possible ranges.

In the foregoing specification, possible embodiments of the inventionhave been described with reference to numerous specific details that mayvary from implementation to implementation. Thus, the sole and exclusiveindicator of what is the invention, and is intended by the applicants tobe the invention, is the set of claims that issue from this application,in the specific form in which such claims issue, including anysubsequent correction. Any definitions expressly set forth herein forterms contained in such claims shall govern the meaning of such terms asused in the claims. Hence, no limitation, element, property, feature,advantage or attribute that is not expressly recited in a claim shouldlimit the scope of such claim in any way. The specification and drawingsare, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than arestrictive sense.

1-22. (canceled)
 23. A variable flower assembly comprising: a pluralityof light-transmissive segments each configured to be set to anindividual light-transparency level based on a data value from a datainput that is coupled to the plurality of light-transmissive segments;wherein the plurality of light-transmissive segments substantially formsa tube around a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane, whereina first edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectivelysurrounds the light-emitting element on a second plane substantiallyparallel to the first plane, wherein a second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube,and wherein the second edge of each of the light-transmissive segmentsis opposite to the first edge of the each of the light-transmissivesegments.
 24. The variable flower assembly as recited in claim 23,wherein at least one of the light-transmissive segments comprises aliquid crystal structure further comprising a liquid crystal layer. 25.The variable flower assembly as recited in claim 23, wherein alight-transmissive segment in the plurality of light-transmissivesegments transmits maximum light when the light-transmissive segment isset to a maximum transparency level based on the data value.
 26. Thevariable flower assembly as recited in claim 23, wherein alight-transmissive segment in the plurality of light-transmissivesegments transmits minimum light when the light-transmissive segment isset to a minimum transparency level based on the data value.
 27. Thevariable flower assembly as recited in claim 23, wherein alight-transmissive segment in the plurality of light-transmissivesegments transmits light at an intermediate level when thelight-transmissive segment is set to an intermediate transparency levelbased on the data value.
 28. The variable flower assembly as recited inclaim 23, wherein the light-emitting element is configured to create anilluminated area on a third plane, wherein the illuminated areacomprises a central portion and a plurality of non-central portions, andwherein incidental light from the light-emitting element to a differentnon-central portion of the plurality of non-central portions isconfigured to transmit through a different light-transmissive segment inthe plurality of light-transmissive segments.
 29. The variable flowerassembly as recited in claim 28, wherein the third plane comprises afirst surface of a diffuser and wherein the opening of the tube is at adistance from the third plane.
 30. The variable flower assembly asrecited in claim 28, wherein the third plane comprises a surface of adiffuser and wherein the opening of the tube is substantially on thethird plane.
 31. The variable flower assembly as recited in claim 23,wherein the tube is substantially perpendicular to the first plane. 32.The variable flower assembly as recited in claim 23, wherein the tubecomprises a non-circular shape, which comprises three or more walls. 33.The variable flower assembly as recited in claim 23, wherein both thetube and the light-emitting element form a unitary structure that ismounted on the first plane.
 34. The variable flower assembly as recitedin claim 23, wherein the light-emitting element is configured to createan illuminated area on a third plane as determined by a point spreadfunction of the light-emitting element.
 35. The variable flower assemblyas recited in claim 23, wherein the light-emitting element is configuredto create an illuminated area on a third plane as determined by a pointspread function of the light-emitting element, wherein the illuminatedarea includes an assigned portion that is assigned to the light-emittingelement to illuminate, wherein the illuminated area includes a remainderportion overlapping with another assigned portion on the third plane,and wherein said another assigned portion is assigned to anotherlight-emitting element to illuminate.
 36. The variable flower assemblyas recited in claim 35, wherein the light-emitting element and theplurality of light-transmissive segments are a part of a display systemthat comprises a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises apixel array, and wherein the assigned portion corresponds to a pluralityof pixels in the pixel array.
 37. The variable flower assembly asrecited in claim 23, wherein the plurality of light-transmissivesegments is surrounded by a reflective assembly.
 38. A two-dimensionalarray of variable flower assemblies, having a first variable flowerassembly, which comprises: a plurality of light-transmissive segmentseach configured to be set to an individual light-transparency levelbased on a data value from a data input that is coupled to the pluralityof light-transmissive segments; wherein the plurality oflight-transmissive segments substantially forms a tube around alight-emitting element mounted on a first plane, wherein a first edge ofeach of the light-transmissive segments collectively surrounds thelight-emitting element on a second plane substantially parallel to thefirst plane, wherein a second edge of each of the light-transmissivesegments collectively forms an opening of the tube, and wherein thesecond edge of each of the light-transmissive segments is opposite tothe first edge of the each of the light-transmissive segments.
 39. Thetwo-dimensional array as recited in claim 38, further having a secondvariable flower assembly, which comprises: a plurality oflight-transmissive segments each configured to be set to an individuallight-transparency level based on a data value from a data input that iscoupled to the plurality of light-transmissive segments; wherein theplurality of light-transmissive segments substantially forms a tubearound a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane, wherein afirst edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectivelysurrounds the light-emitting element on a second plane substantiallyparallel to the first plane, wherein a second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube,and wherein the second edge of each of the light-transmissive segmentsis opposite to the first edge of the each of the light-transmissivesegments.
 40. The two-dimensional array as recited in claim 39, whereinsaid first variable flower assembly shares no common light-transmissivesegment with said second variable flower assembly.
 41. Thetwo-dimensional array as recited in claim 39, wherein said firstvariable flower assembly shares one or more common light-transmissivesegments with said second variable flower assembly.
 42. A light sourcesystem comprising: a first two-dimensional array of light-emittingelements mounted on a first plane; a second two-dimensional array ofvariable flower assemblies, which comprises: a plurality oflight-transmissive segments each configured to be set to an individuallight-transparency level based on a data value from a data input that iscoupled to the plurality of light-transmissive segments; wherein theplurality of light-transmissive segments substantially forms a tubearound a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane, wherein afirst edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectivelysurrounds the light-emitting element on a second plane substantiallyparallel to the first plane, wherein a second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube,and wherein the second edge of each of the light-transmissive segmentsis opposite to the first edge of the each of the light-transmissivesegments; and a light source control logic comprising a plurality ofdata inputs coupled to the variable flower assemblies, wherein the lightsource control logic is configured to set each light-transmissivesegment in a variable flower assembly in the second two-dimensionalarray to a separate transparency level based on a separate data valuefrom one of the plurality of data inputs.
 43. The light source system asrecited in claim 42, further comprising a sampling logic that isconfigured: to estimate desired illumination on a portion of a thirdplane based on pixel values in image data; and to work with the lightsource control logic to drive a transmissive switching element to set alight-transmissive segment to one in a plurality of transparency levels.44. A method comprising: receiving image data to display one or moreimages on a display system, wherein the display system comprises (1) atleast a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane and (2) at leasta variable flower assembly, which comprises: a plurality oflight-transmissive segments each configured to be set to an individuallight-transparency level based on a data value from a data input that iscoupled to the plurality of light-transmissive segments; wherein theplurality of light-transmissive segments substantially forms a tubearound a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane, wherein afirst edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectivelysurrounds the light-emitting element on a second plane substantiallyparallel to the first plane, wherein a second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube,and wherein the second edge of each of the light-transmissive segmentsis opposite to the first edge of the each of the light-transmissivesegments; sampling a plurality of pixel values in the image data,wherein the plurality of pixel values is to be expressed in a pluralityof pixels on a display panel of the display system, and wherein theplurality of pixels receives light from the light-emitting elementthrough light-transmissive segments of the variable flower assembly; andsetting at least one of the light-transmissive segments to a desiredtransparency level based on results of sampling the plurality of pixelvalues; wherein the method is performed by one or more computingdevices.
 45. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium,comprising instructions, which when performed or executed by aprocessor, causes, controls or programs the processor to perform amethod that comprises the steps of: receiving image data to display oneor more images on a display system, wherein the display system comprises(1) at least a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane and (2)at least a variable flower assembly, which comprises: a plurality oflight-transmissive segments each configured to be set to an individuallight-transparency level based on a data value from a data input that iscoupled to the plurality of light-transmissive segments; wherein theplurality of light-transmissive segments substantially forms a tubearound a light-emitting element mounted on a first plane, wherein afirst edge of each of the light-transmissive segments collectivelysurrounds the light-emitting element on a second plane substantiallyparallel to the first plane, wherein a second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments collectively forms an opening of the tube,and wherein the second edge of each of the light-transmissive segmentsis opposite to the first edge of the each of the light-transmissivesegments; sampling a plurality of pixel values in the image data,wherein the plurality of pixel values is to be expressed in a pluralityof pixels on a display panel of the display system, and wherein theplurality of pixels receives light from the light-emitting elementthrough light-transmissive segments of the variable flower assembly; andsetting at least one of the light-transmissive segments to a desiredtransparency level based on results of sampling the plurality of pixelvalues.
 46. A system comprising: means for receiving image data todisplay one or more images on a display system, wherein the displaysystem comprises (1) at least a light-emitting element mounted on afirst plane and (2) at least a variable flower assembly, whichcomprises: a plurality of light-transmissive segments each configured tobe set to an individual light-transparency level based on a data valuefrom a data input that is coupled to the plurality of light-transmissivesegments; wherein the plurality of light-transmissive segmentssubstantially forms a tube around a light-emitting element mounted on afirst plane, wherein a first edge of each of the light-transmissivesegments collectively surround the light-emitting element on a secondplane substantially parallel to the first plane, wherein a second edgeof each of the light-transmissive segments collectively forms an openingof the tube, and wherein the second edge of each of thelight-transmissive segments is opposite to the first edge of the each ofthe light-transmissive segments; means for sampling a plurality of pixelvalues in the image data, wherein the plurality of pixel values is to beexpressed in a plurality of pixels on a display panel of the displaysystem, and wherein the plurality of pixels receives light from thelight-emitting element through light-transmissive segments of thevariable flower assembly; and means for setting at least one of thelight-transmissive segments to a desired transparency level based onresults of sampling the plurality of pixel values.